Anatomi dan Fisiologi Manusia :

Anatomi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari susunan tubuh dan bentuk tubuh.

Fisiologi (faal tubuh) adalah ilmu yang mempelajari faal (fungsi) bagian dari alat atau jaringan tubuh.

POSISI ANATOMIS

Posisi Anatomis Tubuh manusia diproyeksikan menjadi suatu posisi yang dikenal sebagai posisi anatomis, yaitu berdiri tegak, ke dua lengan di samping tubuh, telapak tangan menghadap ke depan. Kanan dan kiri mengacu pada kanan dan kiri penderita

Bidang Anatomis Dalam posisi seperti ini tubuh manusia dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian oleh 3 buah bidang khayal:

1. Bidang Medial: yang membagi tubuh menjadi kiri dan kanan

2. Bidang Frontal; yang membagi tubuh menjadi depan (anterior) dan belakang (posterior)

3. Bidang Transversal; yang membagi tubuh menjadi atas (superior) dan bawah (inferior)

Tubuh manusia dikelilingi oleh kulit dan diperkuat oleh rangka. Secara garis besar, tubuh manusia dibagi menjadi :

a) Kepala Tengkorak, wajah, dan rahang bawah

b) Leher

c) Batang tubuh : Dada, perut, punggung, dan panggul

d) Anggota gerak atas : Sendi bahu, lengan atas, lengan bawah, siku, pergelangan tangan, dan tangan

e) Anggota gerak bawah : Sendi panggul, tungkai atas, lutut, tungkai bawah, pergelangan kaki, dan kaki.

Rongga dalam tubuh manusia Selain pembagian tubuh maka juga perlu dikenali 5 buah rongga yang terdapat di dalam tubuh yaitu :

1. Rongga tengkorak berisi otak dan bagian-bagiannya

2. Rongga tulang belakang berisi bumbung saraf atau “spinal cord”

3. Rongga dada berisi jantung dan paru

4. Rongga perut (abdomen) berisi berbagai berbagai organ pencernaan

5. Rongga panggul berisi kandung kemih, sebagian usus besar, dan organ reproduksi

Untuk mempermudah, perut manusia dibagi menjadi 4 bagian yang dikenal sebagai kwadran sebagai berikut :

1) Kwadran kanan atas (hati, kandung empedu, pankreas dan usus)

2) Kwadran kiri atas (organ lambung, limpa dan usus)

3) Kwadran kanan bawah (terutama organ usus termasuk usus buntu)

4) Kwadran kiri bawah (terutama usus).

Ada bermacam-macam sistem organ yang ada di dalam tubuh kita. Dapat kita ringkas menjadi berikut :

• Sistem Respirasi (pertukaran udara)

Terdiri dari hidung, faring, laring, trakea, bronkus, bronkiolus, alveolus, dan pulmo.

• Sistem Digesti (pemecahan makanan)

Terdiri dari cavum, esofagus, ventrikulus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, kolon, rektum, dan anus

• Sistem Koordinasi (koordinasi aktivitas tubuh)

Terdiri dari :

› Sistem Saraf

v Sistem Saraf Pusat : Otak dan Medula Spinalis

v Sistem Saraf Tepi : Kranial dan Spinal

› Alat Indera : mata, telinga, hidung, kulit, dan lidah

› Sistem Endokrin (hormon)

v Hipotalamus

v Hipofisis/Pituitari

v Tiroid

v Paratiroid

v Timus

v Gonad

v Pankreas

v Adrenal

v Pineal

• Sistem Ekskresi (pengeluaran sisa-sisa metabolisme)

Terdiri dari :

› Ginjal

› Kulit

› Paru-paru

• Sistem Gerak (penyokong, pelindung organ, dan alat gerak)

Terdiri dari :

› Tulang

› Otot

• Sistem Sirkulasi (peredaran sari-sari makanan)

Terdiri dari :

› Peredaran Darah

› Peredaran Getah Bening(Limfa)

• Sistem Reproduksi (perkembangbiakkan)

Terdiri dari :

› Pria : Testis, vas deferens, vesikula seminalis, uretra(penis)

› Wanita : Ovarium, oviduk/tuba falopi, uterus, vagina

• Sistem Integumen (pelindung tubuh)

Terdiri dari kulit dan derivat-derivatnya

• Sistem Imunitas (kekebalan tubuh)

Terdiri dari :

› Pertahanan Nonspesifik : kulit, membran mukosa, dan sekresinya, leukosit fagositik, protein antimikroba, respon peradangan

› Pertahanan Spesifik : Limfosit dan Antibodi

THE STORY OF US by Taylor Swift

I used to think one day we'd tell the story of us
How we met and the sparks flew instantly
People would say they're the lucky ones

I used to know my spot was next to you
Now I'm searching the room for an empty seat
'Cause lately I don't even know what page you're on

Oh, a simple complication
Miscommunications lead to fallout
So many things that I wish you knew
So many walls up, I can't break through

Now I'm standing alone in a crowded room
And we're not speaking
And I'm dying to know, is it killing you
Like it's killing me

I don't know what to say since a twist of fate
When it all broke down
And the story of us looks a lot like a tragedy now

Next chapter

How'd we end up this way?
See me nervously pulling at my clothes and trying to look busy
And you're doing your best to avoid me

I'm starting to think one day I'll tell the story of us
How I was losing my mind when I saw you here
But you held your pride like you should have held me

Oh I'm scared to see the ending
Why are we pretending this is nothing?
I'd tell you I miss you, but I don't know how
I've never heard silence quite this loud

Now I'm standing alone in a crowded room
And we're not speaking
And I'm dying to know, is it killing you
Like it's killing me

I don't know what to say since a twist of fate
When it all broke down
And the story of us looks a lot like a tragedy now

This is looking like a contest
Of who can act like they care less
But I liked it better when you were on my side

The battle's in your hands now
But I would lay my armor down
If you'd say you'd rather love then fight

So many things that you wish I knew
But the story of us might be ending soon

Now I'm standing alone in a crowded room
And we're not speaking
And I'm dying to know, is it killing you
Like it's killing me

I don't know what to say since a twist of fate
When it all broke down
And the story of us looks a lot like a tragedy now
Now, now

And we're not speaking
And I'm dying to know, is it killing you
Like it's killing me?

And I don't know what to say since a twist of fate
'Cause we're going down
And the story of us looks a lot like a tragedy now

The end

A message from Maria Sharapova

Posted on April 26, 2011

25 years ago today, my life changed forever and I was not even born yet!! I know that sound impossible, but when the worst nuclear disaster in the history of the world happened 40 miles from where my entire family lived, life changed for many families like mine. Soon after the disaster my mother became pregnant with little old me!!! My parents had to act fast because this was no place to be pregnant and have a baby. Luckily, my Grandparents were working in western Siberia and we fled to the city of Nyagan, where I was born. Two years later, my parents still did not want to bring me back near the disaster and we moved to Sochi, Russia. I started playing tennis at age 4 and I think everyone knows the story from there.

BUT!!! The story people don't know is what I want to focus on today. How one disaster completely effected one area in the world and how 25 years later it still haunts my people. But today I want to thank and remember all the great heroes and their families that sacrificed their lives to help people during this disaster. I want to focus on the future and give everyone hope in this region that they can live normal lives, and dream BIG. Please take the time to "click" around my special Chernobyl page on my site if you would like to learn more about Chernobyl and how you can help.

Maria

source : http://www.mariasharapova.com